BusinessNetwork

Business networking is a marketing method by which business opportunities are created through networks of like-minded business people. There are several prominent business networking organizations that create models of networking activity that, when followed, allow the business person to build new business relationship and generate business opportunities at the same time.
Many business people contend business networking is a more cost-effective method of generating new business than advertising or public relations efforts. This is because business networking is a low-cost activity that involves more personal commitment than company money.As an example, a business network may agree to meet weekly or monthly with the purpose of exchanging business leads and referrals with fellow members. To complement this activity, members often meet outside this circle, on their own time, and build their own "one-to-one" relationship with the fellow member.Business networking can be conducted in a local business community, or on a more larger scale via the Internet. Business networking websites have grown over recent years due to the internets ability to connect people from all over the world.Business networking can have a meaning also in the ICT domain, i.e. the provision of operating support to companies / organizations, and related value chains / value networks.It refers to an activity coordination with a wider scope and a simpler implementation than pre-organized workflows or web-based impromptu searches for transaction counterparts (workflow is useful to coordinate activities, but it is complicated by the use of s.c. "patterns" to deviate the flow of work from a pure sequence, in order to compensate its intrinsic "linearity"; impromptu searches for transaction counterparts on the web are useful as well, but only for non strategic supplies; both are complicated by a plethora of interfaces -- SOA / XML / web services -- needed among different organizations and even between different IT applications within the same organization).

Business education

Business education is the enterprise of education directed at the study and research of the field of business. It includes secondary education and higher education or university education, with the greatest activity in the latter. It is often or almost always oriented toward preparing students for the practice of an occupation in business or business-related fields.Business education can be studied to degree level relating to teaching business in schools or universities however a teaching qualification is essential afterwards. If one doesn’t want to go into teaching it can be useful when going into management or the business sector.Business education is taught to aid understanding of businesses today as the business world is further developing it is essential to have some knowledge especially if you want to set up your own business.Business education is an elective area in high school.

Business Technology Mgt:

Business Technology Management (BTM) is a management science that seeks to unify business and technology decision-making at every level in an enterprise. BTM delivers a set of guiding principles, known as BTM Capabilities. These capabilities are combined to form BTM solutions, around which a company's practices can be organized and improved. BTM also defines the expected characteristics of an organization according to five levels of a maturity modelBTM builds bridges between previously isolated tools and standards for business technology management by strategically incorporating both operational and infrastructure levels of technology management to ensure that an enterprise’s business strategy can be realized by the technology it deploys. This structured approach is used by enterprises to align, synchronize and even converge technology and business management for the purpose of ensuring better execution, risk control and profitability.

Central Administration

Central Administration is the leading or preseding body or group of people, and the highest administrative department who oversee all lower departments of an organization. In most cases, a school or school district will have a leading group of people as a part of Central Administration. In a school district, these terms may include a Superintendent (education), Chief operating officer, School Headmaster, and/or other leadership roles in one or more specific department. People on Central Administration are usually appointed by a board, such as a Board of education. They are comparable to positions such as a Chief executive officer. They rank over all other administration, requiring leadership skills. Central Administrative Staff have an executive oversight and supervision on school and/or school district administration.

Today's Manager

The Industrial Revolution began in the eighteenth century and transformed the job of manager from owner-manager to professional, salaried manager. Prior to industrialization, the United States was predominantly an agricultural society. The production of manufactured goods was still in the handicraft stage and consisted of household manufacturing, small shops, and local mills. The inventions,machines, and processes of the Industrial Revolution transformed business and management (such as, the use of fossil fuels as sources of energy, the railroad, the improvement of steel and aluminum metallurgical processes, the development of electricity, and the discovery of the internal-combustion engine.) With the industrial innovations in factory-produced goods, transportation, and distribution, big business came into being. New ideas and techniques were required for managing these large-scale corporate enterprises.Two large-scale institutions, the church and the military, served as examples of control for these new managers. Many of the management terms and techniques used today have their basis in ecclesiastical and military authority (for example, superior, subordinate, strategy, and mission). Military commanders need only give orders and then discharge, penalize, and demote those who do not carry them out and reward those who do. Today, business and management continue to be transformed by high technology. In order to keep pace with the increased speed and complexity of business, new means of calculating, sorting and processing information were invented. An interesting description of the modern era is the Information Age that describes the general use of technology to transmit information. Managers realized that they could profit from immediate knowledge of relevant information. The telegraph was the first instrument to transform information into electrical form over long distances. The telephone, radio, television, and computer expanded instant information.

Administrative Theory

Trained as a mining engineer, but blessed with administrative talents. He hadsubstantial administrative experience at high executive levels.B. Outlined his management concepts in Administration Industrielle et Generale-Published in 1916 but his work was not well known in American until 1949 C. Universality of management concept (used "administration" vice management 1. Six groups of activities found in all industrial organizations: "To administer is to plan, organize, command (not "lead"), coordinate, and These are the "elements" of administration. He did not call them "processes" or "functions," but that is what we would call them today.Fayol actually distinguished between `administrer' (to administer) and `gouverner' (to manage). To manage an undertaking meant to move things toward objectives by making the best possible use of all the resources available. Administration is only one aspect. Because of translations commonly used, we have tended to interpret Fayol's "administration" withDiploma Certification in: Banking, eBusiness, eCommerce, eMarketing, Human Resource Management, and Information Technology.From CeUS Accredited by;IUAA,VUAA,USDLA,AGC-USA, Affiliated with, “Career Institut USA”.HENRI FAYOL(1841-1925)--Administrative Theory

Evolution of Mgt: Thought

ADAM SMITH (1723-1790)

A . n Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, 1776 1. Established the "classical" school of economics 2. Became the father of liberal economics B. Proposed that only the market and competition be the regulator of economic activity 1. The "invisible hand" of the market would insure that resources flow to their best consumption and their most efficient reward 2. The economic self-interest of each person and nation, acting in a fully competitive market, would bring about the greatest prosperity 3. Specialization of labor a pillar of the market mechanism (example of the pin factory) "The greatest increase of the quantity of work which, in consequence of the division of labour, the same number of people are capable of performing, is owing to three different circumstances; first, to the increase of dexterity in every particular workman; secondly, to the saving of the time which is commonly lost in passing from one species of work to another; and lastly, to the invention of a great number of machines which facilitate and abridge labour, and enable one man to do the work of many." - The manager, in order to gain productivity, must rely on the division of labor 4. Awareness of the dysfunctional consequences of labor specialization "The man whose whole life is spent in performing a few simple operations... naturally loses, therefore, the habit of (mental) exertion, and generally becomes stupid and ignorant as it is possible for a human creature to become.... His dexterity at his own particular trade seems...to be acquired at the expense of his intellectual, social, and martial virtues." - Government, through public education, is to overcome the debilitating effects of the division of labor 5. Division of labor concept benefits all society and provides and economic rationale for the factory system England found in the market ethic an economic sanction for ...private initiative rather than mercantilism ...competition rather than protection ...innovation rather than economic stagnancy ...self-interest rather than state interest as the motivating force

Modern Management

According to Montana and Charnov, management is "working with and through other people to accomplish the objectives of both the organization and its members." This definition places a greater emphasis on human beings in the organization, focus is on results to be accomplished (objectives) rather than just activities and adds the concept that personal objectives should be integrated with organizational objectives.New Paradigm in Management Driving Forces of Change, Around the 1960s and on to today, the environment of today’s organizations has changed a great deal. A variety of driving forces provoke this change. Increasing telecommunications has “shrunk” the world substantially. Increasing diversity of workers has brought in a wide array of differing values, perspectives and expectations among workers. Public consciousness has become much more sensitive and demanding that organizations be mor socially responsible. Much of the thirdworld countries has joined the global marketplace, creating a wider arena for sales and services. Organizations became responsible not only to stockholders

(those who owned stock) but to a wider community of “stakeholders.” As a result of the above driving forces, organizations were required to adopt a “new paradigm,” or view on the world, to be more sensitive, flexible and adaptable to the demands and expectations of stakeholder demands. Many organizations have abandoned or are abandoning the traditional top-down, rigid and hierarchical structures to more “organic” and fluid forms. Today’s leaders and/or managers must deal with continual, rapid change. Managers faced with a major decision can no longer refer back to an earlier developed plan for direction. Management techniques must continually notice changes in the environment and organization, assess this change and manage change. Managing change does not mean controlling it, rather understanding it, adapting to it where necessary and guiding it when possible.Managers can’t know it all or reference resources for every situation. Managers must count on and listen more to their employees. Consequently, new forms of organizations are becoming more common, e.g., workercentered teams, self-organizing and self-designing teams, etc.

Investment management

Investment management is the professional management of various securities (shares, bonds etc.) and assets (e.g., real estate), to meet specified investment goals for the benefit of the investors. Investors may be institutions (insurance companies, pension funds, corporations etc.) or private investors (both directly via investment contracts and more commonly via collective investment schemes e.g. mutual funds or Exchange Traded Funds) .The term asset management is often used to refer to the investment management of collective investments,(not necesarily) whilst the more generic fund management may refer to all forms of institutional investment as well as investment management for private investors. Investment managers who specialize in advisory or discretionary management on behalf of (normally wealthy) private investors may often refer to their services as wealth management or portfolio management often within the context of so-called "private banking".The provision of 'investment management services' includes elements of financial analysis, asset selection, stock selection, plan implementation and ongoing monitoring of investments. Investment management is a large and important global industry in its own right responsible for caretaking of trillions of dollars, euro, pounds and yen. Coming under the remit of financial services many of the world's largest companies are at least in part investment managers and employ millions of staff and create billions in revenue.Fund manager (or investment adviser in the U.S.) refers to both a firm that provides investment management services and an individual who directs fund management decisions.

Time management

Time management refers to a range of skills, tools, and techniques utilized to accomplish specific tasks, projects and goals. This set encompass a wide scope of activities, and these include planning, setting goals, delegation, analysis of time spent, monitoring, organizing, scheduling, and prioritizing. Initially time management referred to just business or work activities, buteventually the term broadened to include personal activities also. A time management system is a designed combination of processes, tools and techniques.Time management in a broad sense involves both planning and execution. Money can be earned back, however the time once gone is gone. That is what makes time management a really important activity. There is however no agreed and definite way of time management. It depends on the individual person, as how they manage their schedule, and prioritize their activities

Organization

An organization (or organisation — see spelling differences) is a social arrangement which pursues collective goals, which controls its own performance, and which has a boundary separating it from its environment. The word itself is derived from the Greek word ὄργανον (organon [itself derived from the better-known word ἔργον ergon - work; deed - > ergonomics, etc]) meaning tool. The term is used in both daily and scientific English in multiple ways. In the social sciences, organizations are studied by researchers from several disciplines, the most common of which are sociology, economics, political science, psychology, management,and organizational communication. The broad area is commonly referred to as organizational studies, organizational behavior or organization analysis. Therefore, a number of different theories and perspectives exist, some of which are compatible, and others that are competing. • Organization – process-related: an entity is being (re-)organized (organization as task or action).Organization – functional: organization as a function of how entities like businesses or state authorities are used (organization as a permanent structure).• Organization – institutional: an entity is an organization (organization as an actual purposeful structure within a social context)

Definitions of Controlling

According to Henry Fayol, Control of an undertaking consists of seeing that everything is being carried out in accordance with the plan which has been adopted, the orders which have been given, and the principles which have been laid down. Its object is to point out mistakes in order that they may berectified and prevented from recurring.According to EFL Breach,Control is checking current performance against pre-determined standards contained in the plans, with a view to ensure adequate progress andsatisfactory performance.According to Harold Koontz,Controlling is the measurement and correction of performance in order to make sure that enterprise objectives and the plans devised to attain them are accomplished.According to Stafford Beer,Management is the profession of control.In 1916, Henri Fayol formulated one of the first definitions of control as it pertains to management:Control consists of verifying whether everything occurs in conformity with the plan adopted, the instructions issued, and principles established. It ['s] object [is] to point out weaknesses and errors in order to rectify [them] and prevent recurrenceRobert J. Mockler presented a more comprehensive definition of managerial control:Management control can be defined as a systematic effort by business management to compare performance to predetermined standards, plans, or objectives in order to determine whether performance is in line with these standards and presumably in order to take any remedial action required to see that human and other corporate resources are being used in the most effective and efficient way possible in achieving corporate objectives. Also control can be defined as "that function of the system that adjusts operations as needed to achieve the plan, or to maintain variations from system objectives within allowable limits". The control subsystem functions in close harmony with the operating system. The degree to which they interact depends on the nature of the operating system and its objectives. Stability concerns a system's ability to maintain a pattern of output without wide fluctuations. Rapidity of response pertains to the speed with which a system can correct variations and return to expected output. A political election can illustrate the concept of control and the importance of feedback. Each party organizes a campaign to get its candidate selected and outlines a plan to inform the public about both the candidate's credentials and the party's platform. As the election nears, opinion polls furnish feedback about the effectiveness of the campaign and about each candidate's chances to win. Depending on the nature of this feedback, certain adjustments in strategy and/or tactics can be made in an attempt to achieve the desired result.From these definitions it can be stated that there is close link between planning and controlling. Planning is a process by which an organisation's objectives and the methods to achieve the objectives are established, and controlling is a process which measures and directs the actual performance against the planned objectives of the organisation. Thus, planning and control are often referred to as siamese twins of management.

Controlling

Control is one of the managerial functions like planning, organizing, staffing and directing. It is an important function because it helps to check the errors and to take the corrective action so that deviation from standards are minimized and stated goals of the organization are achieved in desired manner. According to modern concepts, control is a foreseeing action whereas earlier concept of control was used only when errors were detected. Control in management means setting standards, measuring actual performance and taking corrective action. Thus, control comprises these three main activities

Leadership

"Leader" redirects here. For other uses, see Leader (disambiguation).
Leadership is one of the most salient aspects of the organizational context. However, defining leadership has been challenging. The following sections discuss several important aspects of leadership including a description of what leadership is and a description of several popular theories and styles of leadership. This page also dives into topics such as the role of emotions and vision, as well leadership effectiveness and performance. Finally, this page discusses leadership in different contexts, how it may differ from related concepts (i.e., management), and some critiques that have been raised about leadership.

Organizing

Organizing (alternative spelling: Organising) is the act of rearranging elements following one or more rules.

ExamplesAnything is commonly considered organized when it looks like everything has a correct order of placement. But it's only ultimately organized if any element has no difference on time taken to find it. In that sense, organizing can also be defined as to place different objects in logical arrangement for better So, even while organizing can be viewed as a simple definition, it can get as complex as organizing the world's information.Organized livestock pens and walkways at Chicago's stockyards, ca. 1941.HistoryHistorically, we as humans have always tried to organize ourselves. Be it on religion, through books and spoken word, or in science, through journals and studies, or in many other ways. Writing ideas in a book, not to talk to someone, but to specifically catalog is also an attempt to organize information.Science Books are notable by their organization attempt of a specific subject. , instead, usually try to organize any subject into one place, for faster indexing and seeking of meanings.

ApplicationsOrganizing, in point of view, is the management function that usually follows after planning. And it involves the assignment of tasks, the grouping of tasks into departments and the assignment of authority and allocation of resources across the organization.